Rwanda former spy chief jailed in France

       Almost twenty years ago in April 1994, the world were shocked by horrific event, mass killings of Tutsis in Rwanda. In such a small period of time, 100 days, over 800 000 Tutsis and Hutu moderates were slaughtered.

      Recent BBC news reports that French court has jailed former Rwandan spy-chief Pascal Simbikangwa for 25 years over the 1994 genocide. He is found guilty for abetting genocide and for crimes against humanity. Simbikangwa was arrested in 2008, while living in the French Indian Ocean island.

      The actions of the Hutu extrimists groups were extremely violent, inhumaine and cannot be approved. Following the assassination of Hutu president of Rwanda Habyarimana in 1993, which served as a spark to a conflict, extremists set up road blocks, checked identifications cards and killed all who were Tutsi. Moreover, they got the data about Tutsi's addresses and killed them by clubs and machetes going door to door. Men were tortured, women raped and lots of children were killed violently. They killed them regardless of time and place, and numbers of dead Tutsis were found in schools and churches. Furthermore, extremists did not allow to bury dead bodies and they were rotten, eaten by rats and insects.

     Simbikangwa was tried under French legislation that allows universal jurisdiction for genocide and other crimes against humanity commited by foreigners abroad. He served under President Habyarimana and accused for organizing, inciting, instructing massive killing of Tutsi men, women and children.
   
        In a nutshell, I want to add that during those 100 days, almost no country made an effort to stop the massive ethnic cleansing, and conflict was terminated by Tutsis that arrived from Uganda. It gives hope that  nowadays people are getting more concerned about the issues of violation of human rights, and strives for justice and peace.

Failure to combat the problem of illegal drug trade in Afghanistan

      Despite the fact that almost everyone in the world is familiar to the problem of drug-addiction and knows the consequences of such terrible habit, there is huge growth in the cultivation, production, and consumption of heroin, cannabis, and opium.

     The dominant supplier of most of the world's heroin is Afghanistan. According to the Afghanistan Opium Survey for 2013, the land area used for cultivation of opium in Afghanistan reached a high in 2013 of 516 000, it 's 36% increase from 2012. Moreover, 19 of 34 provinces of the country are opium growers, and production and consumption of increased by almost a half (49%), Opium Survey reports.

    Apart from health problems of global population that illegal drug trafficking eradicates, there are vast area of adverse effects like driving corruption, funding insurgency, stimulating instability in neighboring countries and strengthening addiction crisis.

    Illegal drug trade remains to be the main unifying issue of the international community. International organizations like NATO, and states as Russia and Iran outside this institution amplify their efforts to combat the problem. The United States of America, alone, has spent 6 billions of dollars since 2001 to restrain opium production. However, the number of heroin addicted people keeps to be extremely high. Policies of the USA to eradicate opium crops or to offer subsidies for alternative crops have failed. NATO-led coalition avoids former policy due to high risk of driving farmers over insurgencies, while the latter won't benefit the  local community all along of low prices of alternative corps' products.

    Talibans remains to be the main beneficiaries of illegal drug economy. They encourage opium cultivation and production, opposes policies of eradicating corps in order to gain support from local farmers. Furthermore, they impose 10% tax on the opium production, which sponsors their activites.